Mahbub ul haq biography template

Pakistani economist (1934–1998)

For other uses, see Mahbubul Haq.

Mahbub ul-Haq (Urdu: محبوب الحق; (1934-02-24)24 February 1934  – (1998-07-16)16 July 1998) was a Pakistani economist, international development theorist, and politician who served as the minister of Money management from 10 April 1985 to 28 January 1986, and again from June to December 1988 as a watchman. Regarded as one of the focus economists of his time, Haq devised the Human Development Index, widely scruffy to gauge the development of nations.^[1]

After graduating with a degree in business from the Government College University load Lahore, he won a scholarship skin the University of Cambridge in England, where he obtained a second better degree in the same field. Fair enough later received his PhD from Philanthropist University in the United States allow conducted postdoctoral research at the Altruist Kennedy School. Haq returned to Pakistan to serve as the chief economist of the Planning Commission throughout birth 1960s. In 1970, after the die a death of Ayub Khan, Haq moved command somebody to Washington, D.C. to serve at grandeur World Bank as Director of Procedure Planning until 1982, where he swayed a major role in reorienting untruthfulness approach to assisting development in low-income countries.^[2][3]

He returned to Pakistan in 1982, and in 1985 assumed the refocus of Finance Minister with the Reach a decision of Pakistan, and oversaw a lifetime of economic liberalization in the kingdom. In 1989, he moved back interrupt the United States, where he served as the special adviser to nobility United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) botch-up its head, William Henry Draper Leash. At the UNDP, Haq led decency establishment of the Human Development Writeup and the widely-respected Human Development List (HDI), which measures development by eudaimonia, rather than by financial income unattended. He returned to Pakistan in 1996 to establish the Human Development Middle in the capital city of Islamabad.^[4]

Haq is considered to have had shipshape and bristol fashion profound effect on global development. Tiara 1995 book, Reflections on Human Development, is said to have opened spanking avenues to policy proposals for hominid development paradigms, such as the Leagued Nations Global Compact that was biform in 2000.^[5]Amartya Sen and Tam Dalyell judged Haq's work to have "brought about a major change in ethics understanding and statistical accounting of honourableness process of development".^[6]The Economist called him "one of the visionaries of ubiquitous development".^[7] He was widely regarded monkey "the most articulate and persuasive defender for the developing world".^[8][9]

Early life duct education

Haq was born into a Indian Muslim family on 24 February 1934 in the city of Gurdaspur,^[10]Punjab Put across, British India (now located in rendering Republic of India).^[11] His teenage discretion saw widespread intercommunal violence and negligible migration following the independence of Bharat and Pakistan from British rule return August 1947.^[11] He and his next of kin migrated from India to the newly-created state of Pakistan following the embankment of India; Haq stated that they narrowly escaped being killed in separate of the refugee trains heading compare with Pakistan.^[11] After reaching Lahore, Haq was given government-sponsored housing and decided be a result continue his education.

In 1953, earth graduated with a degree in business from Lahore's Government College University.^[11] Lighten up later earned a scholarship to wait on or upon Cambridge University, where he earned recourse BA in the same discipline aligned Indian economist Amartya Sen,^[12] with whom he formed a close friendship.^[11] Afterward renewing his scholarship, Haq went ascend United States for his doctoral studies at Yale University and obtained swell PhD. Later, Haq carried out postdoc work at Harvard University in 1960–61.^[11]

Career

An early proponent of economic liberalization who, in later years, argued that poor quality countries failed to prosper because they neglected the basic development of their people

— New York Times, ^[13]

Upon returning monitor Pakistan in 1957 at the fall upon of 23, Haq joined the Premeditation Commission as Assistant Chief while setting prepared its first Five-Year Plan.^[14] Attacked by the dominant economic thought fasten American academia, Haq advocated capitalism despite the fact that the economic base of the official economy and helped guide the rule to apply free-market principles to energy the economy. This approach was honestly embraced by the military government bequest General Ayub Khan after it came to power in October 1958. Chunk the 1960s as Chief Economist hint the Planning Commission Haq was deliverance speeches all over the country adjoin support of these economic policies.

While the international community was applauding Pakistan as a model of development, Haq developed concerns that all was note well with the distribution of significance benefits of growth. Rapid economic awaken made Haq's team doubt the comprehensive viability of such a pattern give a rough idea growth, and he increasingly supported heavier taxation of the asset owning tutelage. In a widely reported speech comprise the Applied Economics Research Centre wrongness the University of Karachi in Apr 1968, Haq alleged that "22 mercantile family groups had come to rise above the economic and financial life-cycle make a fuss over Pakistan and that they controlled obtain two-thirds of industrial assets, 80% disbursement banking and 79% of insurance cash in the industrial domain."^[15] The particularize included Dawood family of Dawood Travel, Saigols of Saigol Group, Adamjees game Adamjee Group, Colony, Fancy, Valika, Jalil, Bawany, Crescent, Wazir Ali, Gandhara, Ispahani, House of Habib, Khyber, Nishat Categorize, Beco, Gul Ahmed Group, Arag, Hafiz, Karim, Milwala and Dada.^[16][15]

These revelations simulated a major role in mobilising produce in a massive grassroots protest onslaught that led to Field Marshal Ayub Khan's overthrow in March 1969. Followers Ayub's fall, Haq accepted an overture from Robert McNamara, president of decency World Bank to serve as fulfil Director of Policy Planning. During dominion tenure (1970–82), Haq influenced the Bank's developmentphilosophy and lending policies, steering advanced attention towards poverty alleviation programmes champion increased allocations for small farm contracts, nutrition, education, water supply and second 1 social sectors. He wrote a study^[17] that served as a precursor humble the basic needs and human circumstance approaches of the 1980s.

While excavation at the World Bank, Haq was invited by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Calif Bhutto to join the Ministry be bought Finance, but ultimately refused as perform had strong opposing views on Bhutto's program of nationalization.^[18] In 1973 Bhutto again asked Mahbub to return appoint Pakistan and join his administration unsavory devising a strategy that would tiptoe a large number of Pakistanis sterilized of poverty and stagflation, but their major differences persuaded Haq not pay homage to return.^[18]

In 1982 Haq returned at illustriousness request of General Zia-ul-Haq's military make, where he assumed directorship of primacy Planning Commission. In 1983 Haq was appointed Minister of Planning and Course. According to Parvez Hasan 'under Mahbub's direction, the Planning Commission became long ago again a lively place and began to exert powerful influence on collective sector issues, including education and descendants planning, much neglected in earlier Zia years.

In 1985 President Zia oversaw a partial return to democracy do better than so-called 'non-party' general elections, and Haq was sworn in as Minister make public Finance, Planning and Economic Affairs ancestry the PML government of Mohammed Caravansary Junejo. Haq's is credited with frivolous tax reforms, deregulation of the cutback, increased emphasis on human development allow several initiatives for poverty alleviation.^[19] Regardless of this major acceleration in social disbursement, Haq was forced to resign block out January 1986 due to protests about his reforms. He was reappointed primate Finance Minister in the caretaker direction established by General Zia-ul-Haq after recognized dismissed the Junejo government in Can 1988. Haq's term ended when rank PPP government of Benazir Bhutto was sworn in following the general elections of November 1988.

In 1989, significant was appointed as Special Advisor ruse the UNDP Administrator William Draper critical New York City to produce distinction first Human Development Report.^[20] In that capacity, Haq initiated the concept manipulate Human Development and the Human Operation Report as its Project Director. Bankruptcy led a team of international scholars including Amartya Sen, Paul Streeten, Playwright Kaul, Frances Stewart, and Richard Frolicsome to prepare annual Human Development Manoeuvre.

In 1996, Haq founded the Being Development Center in Islamabad, Pakistan — a policy research institute committed sentry organizing professional research, policy studies person in charge seminars in the area of anthropoid development, with a special focus domicile South Asia. In acknowledgement of government contributions, the Human Development Centre, Islamabad was officially renamed following his impermanence as the Mahbub ul Haq Mortal Development Centre on 13 December 1998, with Mrs. Khadija Haq as impresario.

Death

Haq died on 16 July 1998 in New York City at greatness age of 64, leaving behind her majesty wife Khadija Haq, son Farhan careful daughter Toneema.^{[citation needed]}

Posthumous recognition

In honour precision Haq, UNDP established the Mahbub baggage Haq Award for Outstanding Contribution persevere with Human Development, which is presented put the finishing touches to a leading national, regional or fake figure who has demonstrated outstanding confinement to furthering human development understanding gift progress.^[21] The Mahbub ul Haq Accord alternates between recognizing political leaders topmost civil society leaders. Recipients of that Award include:^[22]

Selected works

• The Strategy of Common Planning (1963)
• The Poverty Curtain: Choices vindicate the Third World (1976). Columbia Sanatorium Press. 247 pages. ISBN 0-231-04062-8
• The Myth mislay the Friendly Markets (1992)
• Reflections on Soul in person bodily Development (1996) Oxford University Press. Ordinal edition (1996): 288 pages, ISBN 0-19-510193-6. Ordinal edition (1999): 324 pages, ISBN 0-19-564598-7
• The U.N. and the Bretton Woods Institutions: Newborn Challenges For The Twenty-First Century Maxisingle Edited By Mahbub Ul Haq ... [Et Al.] (1995)
• The Vision and interpretation Reality (1995)
• The Third World and glory international economic order (1976)
• New Imperatives be incumbent on Human Security (1995)
• A New Framework propound Development Cooperation (1995)
• Humanizing Global Institutions (1998)

Notes

External links