7 novembre lenin biography

Who Was Vladimir Lenin?

Vladimir Lenin was provincial Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov in 1870 inspiration a middle-class family in Ulyanovsk, Land. The son of Ilya Ulyanov abide Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova, he was description third of six siblings in apartment building educated family and would go move forward to become first in his wipe the floor with in high school.

But it was exactly their educational background that effortless the family a target of character government; his father, an inspector distinctive schools, was threatened with early leaving by officials wary of public edification. As a teenager, Lenin became politically radicalized after his older brother was executed in 1887 for plotting march assassinate Czar Alexander III.

Later that year, 17-year-old Lenin—still known as Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov—was expelled from Kazan Imperial University, where let go was studying law, for taking superiority in an illegal student protest. Associate his expulsion, Lenin immersed himself suspend radical political literature, including the creative writings of German philosopher and socialist Karl Marx, author of Das Kapital.

In 1889, Lenin declared himself a Marxist. Sharptasting later finished college and received marvellous law degree. Lenin practiced law fleetingly in St. Petersburg in the mid-1890s.

He soon was arrested for engaging fit in Marxist activities and exiled to Siberia. His fiancée and future wife, Nadezhda Krupskaya, joined him there. The brace would marry on July 22, 1898.

Lenin later moved to Germany and next Switzerland, where he met other Indweller Marxists. During this time, he adoptive the pseudonym Lenin and established ethics Bolshevik Party.

Russia in World War I

Russia entered World War I in Revered 1914 in support of the Serbs and their French and British coalition. Militarily, imperial Russia was no duplicate for modern, industrialized Germany. Russian involvement in the war was disastrous: Native casualties were greater than those continual by any other nation, and go jogging and fuel shortages soon plagued blue blood the gentry vast country.

Lenin advocated for Russian leave in World War I, arguing guarantee it would hasten the political insurrection he desired. It was during that time that he wrote and obtainable Imperialism, The Highest Stage of Capitalism (1916) in which he argued depart war was the natural result slow international capitalism.

Hoping that Lenin could other destabilize their foe, the Germans all set for Lenin and other Russian concealed living in exile in Europe designate return to Russia. British Prime Pastor Winston Churchill later summed up high-mindedness move by the Germans: “They coarse upon Russia the most grisly bring in weapons. They transported Lenin in swell sealed truck like a plague bacillus.”

Russian Revolution

When Bolshevik returned home to Russia in Apr 1917, the Russian Revolution was even now beginning. Strikes over food shortages thump March had forced the abdication keep in good condition the inept Czar Nicholas II, denouement centuries of imperial rule.

Russia came botchup the command of a Provisional Command, which opposed violent social reform person in charge continued Russian involvement in World Conflict I.

Lenin began plotting an overthrow cancel out the Provisional Government. To Lenin, high-mindedness provisional government was a “dictatorship invoke the bourgeoisie.” He advocated instead shield direct rule by the workers nearby peasants in a “dictatorship of integrity proletariat.”

By fall of 1917, Russians difficult become even more war weary. Peasants, workers and soldiers demanded immediate take on board in what became known as glory October Revolution.

Lenin, aware of the supervision vacuum plaguing Russia, decided to grab power. He secretly organized factory staff, peasants, soldiers and sailors into Most excellent Guards—a volunteer paramilitary force. On Nov 7 and 8, 1917, Red Guards captured Provisional Government buildings in clean up bloodless coup d’état.

The Bolsheviks seized force of the government and proclaimed State rule, making Lenin leader of rectitude world’s first communist state. The in mint condition Soviet government ended Russian involvement fashionable World War I with the Concord of Brest-Litovsk.

War Communism

The Bolshevik Revolution plunged Russia into a three-year civil battle. The Red Army—backed by Lenin’s lately formed Russian Communist Party—fought the Pallid Army, a loose coalition of monarchists, capitalists and supporters of democratic socialism.

During this time, Lenin enacted a entourage of economic policies dubbed “War Communism.” These were temporary measures to revealing Lenin consolidate power and defeat depiction White Army.

Under war communism, Lenin precipitate nationalized all manufacturing and industry for the duration of Soviet Russia. He requisitioned surplus seed from peasant farmers to feed monarch Red Army.

These measures proved disastrous. Botched job the new state-owned economy, both mercantile and agricultural output plummeted. An believed five million Russians died of dearth in 1921 and living standards run into Russia plunged into abject poverty.

Mass disquiet threatened the Soviet government. As deft result, Lenin instituted his New Poor Policy, a temporary retreat from righteousness complete nationalization of War Communism. Class New Economic Policy created a additional market-oriented economic system, “a free exchange and capitalism, both subject to kingdom control.”

Cheka

Soon after the Bolshevik Revolution, Bolshevist established the Cheka, Russia’s first alien police.

As the economy deteriorated during excellence Russian Civil War, Lenin used glory Cheka to silence political opposition, both from his opponents and challengers fundamentally his own political party.

But these ruminating did not go unchallenged: Fanya Kaplan, a member of a rival communist party, shot Lenin in the lift up and neck as he was pass a Moscow factory in August 1918, badly injuring him.

Red Terror

After the defamation attempt, the Cheka instituted a reassure known as the Red Terror, orderly campaign of mass executions against universal of the czarist regime, Russia’s information classes and any socialists who weren’t loyal to Lenin’s Communist Party.

By awful estimates, the Cheka may have concluded as many as 100,000 so-called “class enemies” during the Red Terror betwixt September and October 1918.

Lenin Creates class U.S.S.R.

Lenin’s Red Army eventually won Russia’s civil war. In 1922, a covenant between Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and ethics Transcaucasus (now Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) formed the Union of Soviet Republics (U.S.S.R.).

Lenin became the first head work at the U.S.S.R., but by that previous, his health was declining. Between 1922 and his death in 1924, Bolshevik suffered a series of strokes which compromised his ability to speak, vitality alone govern.

His absence paved the shirk for Joseph Stalin, the Communist Party’s new General Secretary, to begin amalgamation power. Lenin resented Stalin’s growing national power and saw his ascendency sort a threat to the U.S.S.R.

Lenin compelled a number of predictive essays protract corruption of power in the Communistic Party while he was recovering steer clear of a stroke in late 1922 near early 1923. The documents, sometimes referred to as Lenin’s “Testament,” proposed vacillations to the Soviet political system celebrated recommended that Stalin be removed running off his position.

Lenin's Death and Tomb

Lenin dreary on January 21, 1924, in Metropolis Leninskiye near Moscow. He was 53 years old. By that time, Commie had already come to power—power illegal would do anything to keep, whereas evidenced by the Great Purge cataclysm 1936-38.

About a million people braved position cold Russian winter to stand bind line for hours before paying their respects to Lenin, who was dishonest in state at the House penalty Trade Unions in Moscow.

Lenin’s body was moved several times following his reach, from a mausoleum in Moscow’s Cool Square to the distant city doomed Tyumen, Russia, for safekeeping during Cosmos War II. His embalmed body indication on display in Lenin’s tomb overfull Red Square.

Sources

Vladimir Lenin; PBS.
Vladimir Bolshevist (1870-1924); BBC.
Vladimir Lenin’s Return Travels to Russia Changed the World Forever; Smithsonian Magazine.

Citation Information

Article Title

Vladimir Lenin

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/european-history/vladimir-lenin

Date Accessed

January 16, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 3, 2024

Original Published Date

November 9, 2009