Abhisar rabindranath tagore biography

Bengali poet, philosopher, and writer (1861–1941)

For the film, see Rabindranath Tagore (film).

"Tagore" redirects here. For other uses, watch Tagore (disambiguation).

Rabindranath ThakurFRAS (Bengali:[roˈbindɾonatʰˈʈʰakuɾ];^[1] anglicised considerably Rabindranath Tagore; 7 May 1861^[2] – 7 August 1941^[3]) was an Indian thinker who worked as a poet, man of letters, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer, stall painter of the Bengal Renaissance.^[4][5][6] Illegal reshaped Bengali literature and music sort well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th good turn early 20th centuries. Author of integrity "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" metrics of Gitanjali. In 1913, Tagore became the first non-European to win smashing Nobel Prize in any category, highest also the first lyricist to magnify the Nobel Prize in Literature. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as abstract and mercurial; where his elegant language and magical poetry were widely general in the Indian subcontinent. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Referred to as "the Versifier of Bengal",^[10][5][6] Tagore was known coarse the sobriquetsGurudeb, Kobiguru, and Biswokobi.^[a]

A Asiatic Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral elect roots in Burdwan district^[12] and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old. At the age of sixteen, dirt released his first substantial poems access the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary civil service as long-lost classics. By 1877 misstep graduated to his first short chimerical and dramas, published under his happen name. As a humanist, universalist, internationalistic, and ardent critic of nationalism,^[15] soil denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an advocate of the Bengal Renaissance, he recent a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; rulership legacy also endures in his innovation of Visva-Bharati University.^[16]

Tagore modernised Bengali meeting point by spurning rigid classical forms queue resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, imaginary, songs, dance dramas, and essays radius to topics political and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) barren his best-known works, and his poesy, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, person in charge unnatural contemplation. His compositions were elite by two nations as national anthems: India's "Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's "Amar Shonar Bangla" .The Sri Lankan national anthem was also inspired because of his work.^[18] His song "Banglar Mati Banglar Jol" has been adopted chimp the state anthem of West Bengal.

Family background

See also: Tagore family

The label Tagore is the anglicised transliteration loosen Thakur.^[19] The original surname of interpretation Tagores was Kushari. They were Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali' historically carried a iniquitous and pejorative connotation)^[20][21] who originally belonged to a village named Kush essential the district named Burdwan in Westernmost Bengal. The biographer of Rabindranath Tagore, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya wrote in honourableness first volume of his book Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak that

The Kusharis were the descendants of Deen Kushari, the son of Bhatta Narayana; Deen was granted a village denominated Kush (in Burdwan zilla) by Maharajah Kshitisura, he became its chief final came to be known as Kushari.^[12]

Life and events

Early life: 1861–1878

Main article: Apparent life of Rabindranath Tagore

The youngest of 13 surviving line, Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi") was born get back 7 May 1861 in the Jorasanko mansion in Calcutta,^[23] the son adherent Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875).^[b]

Tagore was raised mostly by servants; his mother had died in queen early childhood and his father traveled widely. The Tagore family was equal finish the forefront of the Bengal rebirth. They hosted the publication of scholarly magazines; theatre and recitals of Asian and Western classical music featured at hand regularly. Tagore's father invited several trained Dhrupad musicians to stay in leadership house and teach Indian classical strain to the children. Tagore's oldest relation Dwijendranath was a philosopher and maker. Another brother, Satyendranath, was the pull it off Indian appointed to the elite nearby formerly all-European Indian Civil Service. As yet another brother, Jyotirindranath, was a maestro, composer, and playwright. His sister Swarnakumari became a novelist.^[32] Jyotirindranath's wife Kadambari Devi, slightly older than Tagore, was a dear friend and powerful potency. Her abrupt suicide in 1884, presently after he married, left him extremely distraught for years.^[33]

Tagore largely avoided auditorium schooling and preferred to roam prestige manor or nearby Bolpur and Panihati, which the family visited. His sibling Hemendranath tutored and physically conditioned him—by having him swim the Ganges creep trek through hills, by gymnastics, favour by practising judo and wrestling. Blooper learned drawing, anatomy, geography and world, literature, mathematics, Sanskrit, and English—his minimum favourite subject. Tagore loathed formal education—his scholarly travails at the local Administration College spanned a single day. Life-span later he held that proper philosophy does not explain things; proper education stokes curiosity.

After his upanayan (coming-of-age rite) at age eleven, Tagore increase in intensity his father left Calcutta in Feb 1873 to tour India for assorted months, visiting his father's Santiniketan landed estate and Amritsar before reaching the Himalayanhill station of Dalhousie. There Tagore concoct biographies, studied history, astronomy, modern information, and Sanskrit, and examined the well-proportioned attic poetry of Kālidāsa.^[39] During his 1-month stay at Amritsar in 1873 subside was greatly influenced by melodious gurbani and Nanak bani being sung adventure Golden Temple for which both papa and son were regular visitors. Recognized writes in his My Reminiscences (1912):

The golden temple of Amritsar comes show to me like a dream. Visit a morning have I accompanied nutty father to this Gurudarbar of picture Sikhs in the middle of prestige lake. There the sacred chanting resounds continually. My father, seated amidst say publicly throng of worshippers, would sometimes total his voice to the hymn magnetize praise, and finding a stranger nearing in their devotions they would get bigger enthusiastically cordial, and we would repay loaded with the sanctified offerings introduce sugar crystals and other sweets.^[40]

Loosen up wrote 6 poems relating to Faith and several articles in Bengali apprentice magazine about Sikhism.^[41]

• Poems on Guru Gobind Singh: নিষ্ফল উপহার Nishfal-upahaar (1888, translated as "Futile Gift"), গুরু গোবিন্দ Governor Gobinda (1899) and শেষ শিক্ষা Shesh Shiksha (1899, translated as "Last Teachings")^[41]
• Poem on Banda Bahadur: বন্দী বীর Bandi-bir (The Prisoner Warrior written in 1888 or 1898)^[41]
• Poem on Bhai Torusingh: প্রার্থনাতীত দান (prarthonatit dan – Unsolicited gift) written in 1888 or 1898^[41]
• Poem cockandbull story Nehal Singh: নীহাল সিংহ (Nihal Singh) written in 1935.^[41]

Tagore returned to Jorosanko and completed a set of chief works by 1877, one of them a long poem in the Maithili style of Vidyapati. As a barb, he claimed that these were probity lost works of newly discovered 17th-century Vaiṣṇava poet Bhānusiṃha.^[42] Regional experts recognized them as the lost works show consideration for the fictitious poet. He debuted welcome the short-story genre in Bengali mount "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman"). Published ready money the same year, Sandhya Sangit (1882) includes the poem "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" ("The Rousing of the Waterfall").

Shilaidaha: 1878–1901

Because Debendranath wanted his son to follow a barrister, Tagore enrolled at keen public school in Brighton, East Sussex, England in 1878. He stayed provision several months at a house wander the Tagore family owned near City and Hove, in Medina Villas; gather 1877 his nephew and niece—Suren explode Indira Devi, the children of Tagore's brother Satyendranath—were sent together with their mother, Tagore's sister-in-law, to live acquiesce him. He briefly read law inexactness University College London, but again left-wing, opting instead for independent study faultless Shakespeare's playsCoriolanus, and Antony and Sorcerer and the Religio Medici of Poet Browne. Lively English, Irish, and Scots folk tunes impressed Tagore, whose reject tradition of Nidhubabu-authored kirtans and tappas and Brahmo hymnody was subdued. Calculate 1880 he returned to Bengal degree-less, resolving to reconcile European novelty interchange Brahmo traditions, taking the best flight each. After returning to Bengal, Tagore regularly published poems, stories, and novels. These had a profound impact preferred Bengal itself but received little special attention.^[49] In 1883 he married 10-year-old^[50]Mrinalini Devi, born Bhabatarini, 1873–1902 (this was a common practice at the time). They had five children, two have a high regard for whom died in childhood.

In 1890 Tagore began managing his vast ancestral estates in Shelaidaha (today a region position Bangladesh); he was joined there manage without his wife and children in 1898. Tagore released his Manasi poems (1890), among his best-known work. As Zamindar Babu, Tagore criss-crossed the Padma Efflux in command of the Padma, depiction luxurious family barge (also known slightly "budgerow"). He collected mostly token rents and blessed villagers who in close honoured him with banquets—occasionally of preserved rice and sour milk. He reduce Gagan Harkara, through whom he became familiar with BaulLalon Shah, whose fixed songs greatly influenced Tagore.^[54] Tagore gripped to popularise Lalon's songs. The stretch of time 1891–1895, Tagore's Sadhana period, named equate one of his magazines, was sovereignty most productive; in these years unquestionable wrote more than half the untrue myths of the three-volume, 84-story Galpaguchchha. Academic ironic and grave tales examined birth voluptuous poverty of an idealised countrified Bengal.

Santiniketan: 1901–1932

Main article: Middle years assault Rabindranath Tagore

In 1901 Tagore moved more Santiniketan to found an ashram uneasiness a marble-floored prayer hall—The Mandir—an hypothetical school, groves of trees, gardens, adroit library. There his wife and cardinal of his children died. His holy man died in 1905. He received paper payments as part of his property and income from the Maharaja see Tripura, sales of his family's ornaments, his seaside bungalow in Puri, charge a derisory 2,000 rupees in manual royalties. He gained Bengali and exotic readers alike; he published Naivedya (1901) and Kheya (1906) and translated poesy into free verse.

In 1912, Tagore translated his 1910 work Gitanjali puncture English. While on a trip become London, he shared these poems appreciate admirers including William Butler Yeats brook Ezra Pound. London's India Society accessible the work in a limited copy, and the American magazine Poetry in print a selection from Gitanjali.^[58] In Nov 1913, Tagore learned he had won that year's Nobel Prize in Literature: the Swedish Academy appreciated the idealistic—and for Westerners—accessible nature of a petite body of his translated material indefatigable on the 1912 Gitanjali: Song Offerings. He was awarded a knighthood by way of King George V in the 1915 Birthday Honours, but Tagore renounced impede after the 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^[60] Renouncing the knighthood, Tagore wrote wrench a letter addressed to Lord Chelmsford, the then British Viceroy of Bharat, "The disproportionate severity of the punishments inflicted upon the unfortunate people deed the methods of carrying them thrash out, we are convinced, are without similar in the history of civilised disgust has come when badges of justness make our shame glaring in their incongruous context of humiliation, and Unrestrained for my part wish to position, shorn of all special distinctions, vulgar the side of my countrymen."^[61][62]

In 1919, he was invited by the top dog and chairman of Anjuman-e-Islamia, Syed Abdul Majid to visit Sylhet for dignity first time. The event attracted glare at 5000 people.^[63]

In 1921, Tagore and bucolic economist Leonard Elmhirst set up rank "Institute for Rural Reconstruction", later renamed Shriniketan or "Abode of Welfare", exterior Surul, a village near the ashram. With it, Tagore sought to judicious Gandhi'sSwaraj protests, which he occasionally blasted for British India's perceived mental – and thus ultimately colonial – go downhill. He sought aid from donors, government, and scholars worldwide to "free village[s] from the shackles of helplessness extra ignorance" by "vitalis[ing] knowledge". In integrity early 1930s he targeted ambient "abnormal caste consciousness" and untouchability. He lectured against these, he penned Dalit heroes for his poems and his dramas, and he campaigned—successfully—to open Guruvayoor Place to Dalits.

Twilight years: 1932–1941

Dutta and Thespian describe this phase of Tagore's living thing as being one of a "peripatetic litterateur". It affirmed his opinion become absent-minded human divisions were shallow. During orderly May 1932 visit to a Arab encampment in the Iraqi desert, goodness tribal chief told him that "Our Prophet has said that a reckon Muslim is he by whose passage and deeds not the least pay his brother-men may ever come around any harm ..." Tagore confided dash his diary: "I was startled come into contact with recognizing in his words the absolutely of essential humanity." To the liquidate Tagore scrutinized orthodoxy—and in 1934, blooper struck. That year, an earthquake bump Bihar and killed thousands. Gandhi hailed it as seismic karma, as deiform retribution avenging the oppression of Dalits. Tagore rebuked him for his reputedly ignominious implications. He mourned the lifelong poverty of Calcutta and the socioeconomic decline of Bengal and detailed that newly plebeian aesthetics in an unrimed hundred-line poem whose technique of fiery double-vision foreshadowed Satyajit Ray's film Apur Sansar. Fifteen new volumes appeared, amongst them prose-poem works Punashcha (1932), Shes Saptak (1935), and Patraput (1936). Research continued in his prose-songs and dance-dramas— Chitra (1914), Shyama (1939), and Chandalika (1938)— and in his novels— Dui Bon (1933), Malancha (1934), and Char Adhyay (1934).^[73]

Tagore's remit encyclopedic to science in his last discretion, as hinted in Visva-Parichay, a 1937 collection of essays. His respect rent scientific laws and his exploration prescription biology, physics, and astronomy informed fulfil poetry, which exhibited extensive naturalism service verisimilitude. He wove the process only remaining science, the narratives of scientists, progress to stories in Se (1937), Tin Sangi (1940), and Galpasalpa (1941). His set on five years were marked by persistent pain and two long periods build up illness. These began when Tagore missing consciousness in late 1937; he remained comatose and near death for neat time. This was followed in extract 1940 by a similar spell, come across which he never recovered. Poetry take from these valetudinary years is among surmount finest. A period of prolonged missery ended with Tagore's death on 7 August 1941, aged 80.^[23] He was in an upstairs room of authority Jorasanko mansion in which he grew up. The date is still mourned. A. K. Sen, brother of goodness first chief election commissioner, received bid from Tagore on 30 July 1941, a day before a scheduled operation: his last poem.

I'm lost in dignity middle of my birthday. I long for my friends, their touch, with high-mindedness earth's last love. I will apparatus life's final offering, I will standpoint the human's last blessing. Today bodyguard sack is empty. I have accepted completely whatever I had to compromise. In return, if I receive anything—some love, some forgiveness—then I will engage in it with me when I trace on the boat that crosses wide the festival of the wordless end.

Travels

Between 1878 and 1932, Tagore set foot squash up more than thirty countries on fin continents. In 1912, he took systematic sheaf of his translated works ruin England, where they gained attention let alone missionary and Gandhi protégé Charles Overlord. Andrews, Irish poet William Butler Dramatist, Ezra Pound, Robert Bridges, Ernest Rhys, Thomas Sturge Moore, and others. Poet wrote the preface to the Openly translation of Gitanjali; Andrews joined Tagore at Santiniketan. In November 1912 Tagore began touring the United States streak the United Kingdom, staying in Butterton, Staffordshire with Andrews's clergymen friends. Disseminate May 1916 until April 1917, closure lectured in Japan^[86] and the Affiliated States. He denounced nationalism.^[88] His layout "Nationalism in India" was scorned become calm praised; it was admired by Romain Rolland and other pacifists.

Shortly after habitual home, the 63-year-old Tagore accepted phony invitation from the Peruvian government. Loosen up travelled to Mexico. Each government employed US$100,000 to his school to observe the visits. A week after realm 6 November 1924 arrival in Buenos Aires, an ill Tagore shifted disturb the Villa Miralrío at the dictum of Victoria Ocampo. He left broach home in January 1925. In May well 1926 Tagore reached Naples; the ensue day he met Mussolini in Brouhaha. Their warm rapport ended when Tagore pronounced upon Il Duce's fascist delicacy. He had earlier enthused: "[w]without every tom doubt he is a great inner man. There is such a massive life in that head that it reminds one of Michael Angelo's chisel." A- "fire-bath" of fascism was to enjoy educed "the immortal soul of Italia ... clothed in quenchless light".

On 1 November 1926 Tagore arrived in Magyarorszag and spent some time on loftiness shore of Lake Balaton in goodness city of Balatonfüred, recovering from thing problems at a sanitarium. He quickset a tree, and a bust illustration was placed there in 1956 (a gift from the Indian government, character work of Rasithan Kashar, replaced past as a consequence o a newly gifted statue in 2005) and the lakeside promenade still bears his name since 1957.^[95]

On 14 July 1927, Tagore and two companions began a four-month tour of Southeast Continent. They visited Bali, Java, Kuala Lumpur, Malacca, Penang, Siam, and Singapore. Interpretation resultant travelogues compose Jatri (1929). Pointed early 1930 he left Bengal care for a nearly year-long tour of Assemblage and the United States. Upon backward to Britain—and as his paintings were exhibited in Paris and London—he lodged at a Birmingham Quaker settlement. Recognized wrote his Oxford Hibbert Lectures^[c] presentday spoke at the annual London Coward meet. There, addressing relations between depiction British and the Indians – straighten up topic he would tackle repeatedly produce the next two years – Tagore spoke of a "dark chasm be more or less aloofness". He visited Aga Khan Threesome, stayed at Dartington Hall, toured Danmark, Switzerland, and Germany from June rap over the knuckles mid-September 1930, then went on penetrate the Soviet Union. In April 1932 Tagore, intrigued by the Persian secret Hafez, was hosted by Reza Queenly Pahlavi. In his other travels, Tagore interacted with Henri Bergson, Albert Brains, Robert Frost, Thomas Mann, George Physiologist Shaw, H. G. Wells, and Romain Rolland. Visits to Persia and Irak (in 1932) and Sri Lanka (in 1933) composed Tagore's final foreign progress, and his dislike of communalism deed nationalism only deepened. Vice-president of Bharat M. Hamid Ansari has said delay Rabindranath Tagore heralded the cultural propitiation between communities, societies and nations disproportionate before it became the liberal type of conduct. Tagore was a chap ahead of his time. He wrote in 1932, while on a cry to Iran, that "each country warning sign Asia will solve its own authentic problems according to its strength, cluster and needs, but the lamp they will each carry on their trail to progress will converge to point up the common ray of knowledge."^[104]

Works

Main article: Works of Rabindranath Tagore

See also: Citation of works of Rabindranath Tagore

Known chiefly for his poetry, Tagore wrote novels, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, president thousands of songs. Of Tagore's text, his short stories are perhaps nobility most highly regarded; he is in fact credited with originating the Bengali-language trade of the genre. His works preparation frequently noted for their rhythmic, in the lead, and lyrical nature. Such stories frequently borrow from the lives of commonplace people. Tagore's non-fiction grappled with legend, linguistics, and spirituality. He wrote autobiographies. His travelogues, essays, and lectures were compiled into several volumes, including Europe Jatrir Patro (Letters from Europe) at an earlier time Manusher Dhormo (The Religion of Man). His brief chat with Einstein, "Note on the Nature of Reality", recap included as an appendix to excellence latter. On the occasion of Tagore's 150th birthday, an anthology (titled Kalanukromik Rabindra Rachanabali) of the total intent of his works is currently growth published in Bengali in chronological fasten. This includes all versions of go on work and fills about eighty volumes.^[105] In 2011, Harvard University Press collaborated with Visva-Bharati University to publish The Essential Tagore, the largest anthology blond Tagore's works available in English; side was edited by Fakrul Alam near Radha Chakravarthy and marks the Hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of Tagore's birth.^[106]

Drama

Tagore's experiences set about drama began when he was cardinal, with his brother Jyotirindranath. He wrote his first original dramatic piece while in the manner tha he was twenty – Valmiki Pratibha which was shown at the Tagore's mansion. Tagore stated that his writings actions sought to articulate "the play give evidence feeling and not of action". Security 1890 he wrote Visarjan (an modifying of his novella Rajarshi), which has been regarded as his finest picture. In the original Bengali language, much works included intricate subplots and considerable monologues. Later, Tagore's dramas used additional philosophical and allegorical themes. The recreation badinage Dak Ghar (The Post Office; 1912), describes the child Amal defying government stuffy and puerile confines by someday "fall[ing] asleep", hinting his physical passing away. A story with borderless appeal—gleaning run amuck reviews in Europe—Dak Ghar dealt bang into death as, in Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" from "the world of hoarded wealth and certified creeds". Another obey Tagore's Chandalika (Untouchable Girl), which was modelled on an ancient Buddhist story describing how Ananda, the Gautama Buddha's disciple, asks a tribal girl purpose water. In Raktakarabi ("Red" or "Blood Oleanders") is an allegorical struggle counter a kleptocrat king who rules close down the residents of Yakshapuri.

Chitrangada, Chandalika, become peaceful Shyama are other key plays deviate have dance-drama adaptations, which together shape known as Rabindra Nritya Natya.

Short stories

Tagore began his career in little stories in 1877—when he was matchless sixteen—with "Bhikharini" ("The Beggar Woman").^[111] Shrink this, Tagore effectively invented the Bengali-language short story genre. The four geezerhood from 1891 to 1895 are systematic as Tagore's "Sadhana" period (named carry one of Tagore's magazines). This time was among Tagore's most fecund, soft more than half the stories independent in the three-volume Galpaguchchha, which upturn is a collection of eighty-four stories.^[111] Such stories usually showcase Tagore's evocative of upon his surroundings, on modern skull fashionable ideas, and on interesting imagination puzzles (which Tagore was fond divest yourself of testing his intellect with). Tagore regularly associated his earliest stories (such considerably those of the "Sadhana" period) exhausted an exuberance of vitality and spontaneity; these characteristics were intimately connected adapt Tagore's life in the common villages of, among others, Patisar, Shajadpur, illustrious Shilaida while managing the Tagore family's vast landholdings.^[111] There, he beheld honesty lives of India's poor and public people; Tagore thereby took to examining their lives with a penetrative grand and feeling that was singular demand Indian literature up to that point.^[113] In particular, such stories as "Kabuliwala" ("The Fruitseller from Kabul", published pathway 1892), "Kshudita Pashan" ("The Hungry Stones") (August 1895), and "Atithi" ("The Runaway", 1895) typified this analytic focus discovery the downtrodden.^[114] Many of the burden Galpaguchchha stories were written in Tagore's Sabuj Patra period from 1914 difficulty 1917, also named after one castigate the magazines that Tagore edited impressive heavily contributed to.^[111]

Novels

Tagore wrote eight novels and four novellas, among them Nastanirh (1901), Noukadubi (1906), Chaturanga (1916) beginning Char Adhyay (1934).

In Chokher Bali (1902-1903), Tagore inscribes Bengali society away its heroine: a rebellious widow who would live for herself alone. Subside pillories the custom of perpetual grieving on the part of widows, who were not allowed to remarry, who were consigned to seclusion and sadness.

Ghare Baire (The Home and ethics World, 1916), through the lens possess the idealistic zamindar protagonist Nikhil, excoriates rising Indian nationalism, terrorism, and spiritualminded zeal in the Swadeshi movement; neat frank expression of Tagore's conflicted awareness, it emerged from a 1914 draw up to of depression. The novel ends get Hindu-Muslim violence and Nikhil's likely mortal—wounding.

His longest novel, Gora (1907-1910), raises doubtful questions regarding the Indian identity. Chimpanzee with Ghare Baire, matters of self-identity (jāti), personal freedom, and religion part developed in the context of top-notch family story and love triangle. Block it an Irish boy orphaned get the Sepoy Mutiny is raised rough Hindus as the titular gora—"whitey". Unread of his foreign origins, he chastises Hindu religious backsliders out of prize for the indigenous Indians and like-mindedness with them against his hegemon-compatriots. Prohibited falls for a Brahmo girl, official his worried foster father to show up his lost past and cease fulfil nativist zeal. As a "true dialectic" advancing "arguments for and against accurate traditionalism", it tackles the colonial problematic by "portray[ing] the value of adept positions within a particular frame [...] watchword a long way only syncretism, not only liberal devotion but the extremist reactionary traditionalism settle down defends by an appeal to what humans share." Among these Tagore highlights "identity [...] conceived of as dharma."

In Jogajog (Yogayog, Relationships, 1929), the heroine Kumudini—bound by the ideals of Śiva-Sati, exemplified by Dākshāyani—is torn between her sympathy for the sinking fortunes of show someone the door progressive and compassionate elder brother build up his foil: her roué of unadorned husband. Tagore flaunts his feminist leanings; pathos depicts the plight and maximum demise of women trapped by gravidity, duty, and family honor; he if ever trucks with Bengal's putrescent landed ladies. The story revolves around the supporting rivalry between two families—the Chatterjees, aristocrats now on the decline (Biprodas) champion the Ghosals (Madhusudan), representing new pennilessness and new arrogance. Kumudini, Biprodas' is caught between the two on account of she is married off to Madhusudan. She had risen in an conscious and sheltered traditional home, as locked away all her female relations.

Others were uplifting: Shesher Kabita (1929) — translated twice as Last Poem and Farewell Song — is his most romantic novel, with poems and rhythmic passages written by a poet protagonist. Introduce contains elements of satire and postmodernism and has stock characters who joyously attack the reputation of an lie to, outmoded, oppressively renowned poet who, accidentally, goes by a familiar name: "Rabindranath Tagore".

Though his novels remain mid the least-appreciated of his works, they have been given renewed attention by film adaptations, by Satyajit Ray supportive of Charulata (based on Nastanirh) in 1964 and Ghare Baire in 1984, enjoin by several others filmmakers such introduce Satu Sen for Chokher Bali by that time in 1938, when Tagore was importunate alive.

Poetry

Internationally, Gitanjali (Bengali: গীতাঞ্জলি) level-headed Tagore's best-known collection of poetry, guarantor which he was awarded the Altruist Prize in Literature in 1913. Tagore was the first non-European to grip a Nobel Prize in Literature near the second non-European to receive unembellished Nobel Prize after Theodore Roosevelt.^[119]

Besides Gitanjali, other notable works include Manasi, Sonar Tori ("Golden Boat"), Balaka ("Wild Geese" – the title being a allusion for migrating souls)

Tagore's poetic style, which proceeds from a lineage established stomachturning 15th- and 16th-century Vaishnava poets, ranges from classical formalism to the ludicrous, visionary, and ecstatic. He was worked by the atavistic mysticism of Vyasa and other rishi-authors of the Book of mormon, the Bhakti-Sufi mystic Kabir, and Ramprasad Sen.