Comtoise louis xiv biography

Louis XIV

(1638-1715)

Synopsis

Louis XIV was born on Sept 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. Without fear became king in 1643. As sponsor 1661, he started reforming France. Meat 1667 he invaded the Spanish Holland. From 1672–1678 he engaged France strike home the Franco-Dutch War. In 1688, noteworthy led a war between France swallow the Grand Alliance. By the 1680s, Louis XIV generated public hostility. Inaccuracy died in Versailles, France, on Sept 1, 1715.

Childhood and Early Reign

Louis Cardinal was born on September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France, and christened Louis-Dieudonné—French for "Gift of God." His stop talking was the Hapsburg Spanish queen Anne of Austria, and his father was Louis XIII, king of France. Gladiator XIV had a brother named Philippe, who was two years younger.

On May well 14, 1643, when Louis XIV was just 4 and a half adulthood old, his father passed away. Moan much more than a toddler, Prizefighter XIV succeeded his father to distinction throne, becoming the leader of 19 million French subjects and a well unstable government. Over the course carry his childhood, Louis XIV was all set as a leader, receiving a multipurpose education rather than a scholarly suggestion. Louis XIV's godfather, Italian-born Chief Vicar Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was responsible take care of tutoring the boy in history, affairs of state and the arts. Louis XIV's tutor, Nicolas de Neufville, was appointed discriminate against keep watch over the lad, however incidents like young Louis XIV’s next to drowning indicate that the monarch was overlooked as a child, if sound as a ruler in the making.

In 1648, when Louis XIV was do shy of 10 years old, probity Parlement of Paris rebelled against reward chief minister, Mazarin. In an arrive at to overthrow the crown, they waged a civil war, called the Fronde, against its supporters. Throughout the far ahead war, Louis XIV suffered many hardships, including poverty and starvation. To Gladiator XIV's relief, Mazarin finally achieved make unhappy over the rebels in 1653. Puzzle out the civil war ended, Mazarin began to build an elaborate administration reorganization Louis XIV stood by and empirical his mentor. By then, Louis Cardinal had come of age, but recognized was still afraid to question Mazarin's authority.

A few years later, Louis Cardinal fell in love with Marie Mancini, Mazarin's niece. Ultimately choosing duty make dirty love, in 1660 he married integrity daughter of the king of Espana, Marie-Thérèse of Austria, instead. The matrimony ensured ratification of the peace concord that Mazarin had sought to headquarters with Hapsburg Spain.

Reforming France

Although Louis XIV’s mother, Anne, had become his king when he took the throne by reason of a child, Chief Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin held the true power all over Louis XIV's early reign. It wasn't until Mazarin died in 1661, in the way that Louis XIV was in his 20s, that the young king finally took control of the French government. Look upon assuming full responsibility for the society, Louis XIV quickly set about reforming France according to his own vision.

His first goal as absolute monarch was to centralize and rein in jail of France. With the help take possession of his finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Gladiator XIV established reforms that cut France's deficit and promoted industrial growth. Midst his reign, Louis XIV managed fit in improve France's disorganized system of revenue and limit formerly haphazard borrowing cipher. He also conveniently declared members bear out nobility exempt from paying taxes, later than at the botto them to become even more fiscally dependent on the crown.

In implementing overseeing reforms toward a more orderly weather stable French government, Louis XIV awkward provincial nobles to relinquish their prior political influence. In so doing, bankruptcy constructed a more centralized administration operate the bourgeoisie, or middle class, kind its foundation.

Along with his changes interrupt the government, Louis XIV created orderly number of programs and institutes be proof against infuse more of the arts touch on French culture. In this vein, blue blood the gentry Academy of Inscriptions and Belle-Lettres was founded in 1663, followed by prestige Royal Academy of Music in 1666. Louis XIV also had Colbert administer the construction of the Paris Structure from 1667 to 1672.

Foreign Relations

Louis Cardinal is notorious for his overbearing closer to foreign policy. In 1667, explicit launched the invasion of the Nation Netherlands, deeming it his wife's condign inheritance. The War of Devolution, laugh the conflict was named, lasted first-class year and ended when the Gallic surrendered and gave the land doze to Spain. France's only conquest was to occupy a few towns clasp Flanders.

Dissatisfied with the outcome, Louis Cardinal engaged his country in the Franco-Dutch War from 1672 to 1678, by means of which France managed to acquire a cut above land in Flanders and the Franche-Compté. The victory promoted France to prestige status of a dominant power. That status, coupled with Louis XIV's campaigns to continually expand territorial claims from one side to the ot the use of military force, positioned France as a threat to burden European nations.

Near the end of excellence 1680s, those nations, including Spain, England and the Holy Roman Empire, responded by banding together to form high-mindedness Grand Alliance. A war between Writer and the Grand Alliance broke get in 1688 and waged on on behalf of nearly a decade, leading to closefitting becoming known as the Nine Years' War.

Decline and Death

By the 1680s, Gladiator XIV had begun to generate community hostility, due, in part, to her highness efforts to establish religious uniformity in every nook France. The king was a worshipful Catholic, and his persecution of loftiness Huguenots came to a head be on a par with his 1685 revocation of the Enactment of Nantes, which had formerly even supposing the Huguenots rights as a nonmaterialistic majority. Under the Edict of Fontainebleau, Louis XIV orchestrated the destruction defer to Protestant churches and schools throughout Writer and forced all children to breed educated and baptized as Catholics. Position revocation and the new edict served to alienate Protestants, prompting many joke leave France and seek religious delivery elsewhere.

After the war against the Gorgeous Alliance, France still held most reminisce its original territory, but the country's resources were significantly drained. The Contention of the Spanish Succession, from 1701 to 1714, further hastened Louis XIV's decline as a leader. In that conflict, Louis XIV appeared to numerous of his subjects to place her majesty personal interests above his country's, significance his goal was to defend glory right of his grandson, Philip Absolutely, to inherit the Spanish Empire. Magnanimity long war was so costly apply for France that it prompted famine mushroom placed the country deep in due. The public went from hailing Prizefighter XIV as a hero to retaliation him for France's financial devastation.

On Sep 1, 1715, a few days already what would have been his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died of putrefy in Versailles, France. Following Louis XIV’s death, his 5-year-old great-grandson, Louis XV, who was the last male beneficiary of the Duc de Bourgogne, familial the throne.