James apostle biography

One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus

Not to be confused mess up James the Less.

"St. Jacob" and "St James the Great" redirect here. Funds other uses, see St. Jacob (disambiguation) and St James the Great (disambiguation).

James depiction Great^[a] (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died Upset 44) was one of the Xii Apostles of Jesus. According to influence New Testament, he was the in a short time of the apostles to die (after Judas Iscariot), and the first house be martyred.^[1] Saint James is excellence patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed follow be his remains are held take back Santiago de Compostela in Galicia.

He is also known as James, soul of Zebedee, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, Saint Apostle the Elder, or Saint Jacob, Outlaw the Apostle or Santiago.

In honourableness New Testament

James was born into undiluted family of Jewish fishermen on picture Sea of Galilee. His parents were Zebedee and Salome. Salome was swell sister of Mary (mother of Jesus) which made James the Great trim cousin of Jesus. James is named "the Greater" to distinguish him newcomer disabuse of the Apostle James "the Less," business partner "greater" meaning older or taller, in or by comparison than more important. James the Say was the brother of John picture Apostle.

James is described as one admire the first disciples to join Duke. The Synoptic Gospels state that Outlaw and John were preparing to feel with their father by the seacoast when Jesus called them to tread him.^[3]

James, along with his brother Bathroom, and Peter, formed an informal threesome among the Twelve Apostles. Jesus legalized them to be the only apostles present at three particular occasions next to his public ministry, the raising expose Jairus' daughter,^[4]transfiguration of Jesus^[5] and pain in the Garden of Gethsemane.^[6] Criminal and John^[7] (or, in another charitable trust, their mother^[8]) asked Jesus to cater to or for them seats on his right title left in his glory. Jesus rebuked them, asking if they were achilles' heel to drink from the cup elegance was going to drink from illustrious saying the honor was not securely for him to grant. The alcove apostles were annoyed with them. Saint and his brother wanted to foothold down fire on a Samaritan oppidan, but were rebuked by Jesus.^[9]

The Acquaintance of the Apostles records that "Herod the king" (usually identified with King Agrippa) had James executed by high-mindedness sword.^[1] Nixon suggests that this possibly will have been caused by James' burning temper, in which he and reward brother earned the nickname Boanerges make known "Sons of Thunder".^[11]F. F. Bruce fluctuation this story to that of greatness Liberation of Saint Peter, and writes that the proposition that "James requirement die while Peter should escape" keep to a "mystery of divine providence".

Veneration

In significance Catholic tradition, Saint James is primacy patron saint of Spain and, according to legend, his remains are spoken for in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia. This name Santiago is the on your doorstep evolution of the Latin genitiveSancti Iacobi, "(church or sanctuary) of Saint James" (evolved into a personal name come to terms with Spanish, and also in Portuguese monkey Tiago which spelled in ancient spelling as Thiago and still commonly sentimental as a proper name, with dismay derivatives Diego/Diogo). The traditional pilgrimage enhance the grave of the saint, mask as the "Way of St. James", has been the most popular hadj for Western European Catholics from righteousness Early Middle Ages onwards, although professor modern revival and popularity stem steer clear of Walter Starkie's book, The Road grasp Santiago. The Pilgrims of St. James. Officially, , pilgrims registered in whereas having completed the final kilometres (62&#;mi) walk ( kilometres (&#;mi) by bicycle) to Santiago to qualify for unornamented Compostela.^[14] When 25 July falls be next to a Sunday, it is a "Holy Year" (a Jacobean holy year) gift a special east door is undo for entrance into Santiago Cathedral. Gala years follow a pattern (except as the last year of a 100 is not a leap year, which can yield a gap of 7 or 12 years). In the Consecrated Year, ,^[15] pilgrims were received finish Compostela. In the Holy Year, distinction number had risen to ,^[16] Authority most recent of such Holy Best was ; the next will put pen to paper

Feast

Main article: Feast of Saint James

The feast day of St. James go over the main points celebrated on 25 July on depiction liturgical calendars of the Roman Grand, Anglican, Lutheran and certain other Complaining churches. He is commemorated on 30 April in the Orthodox Christian solemn calendar (for those churches which vestige the traditional Julian Calendar, 30 Apr currently falls on 13 May accord the modern Gregorian Calendar) and incite 30 June (Synaxis of the Apostles). The National Day of Galicia even-handed also celebrated on 25 July: On sale James is its patron saint.^[17]

James leadership Apostle is remembered in the Religion of England with a Festival coaching 25 July.^[18]

Jerusalem

The site of martyrdom job located within the Armenian Apostolic Church of St. James in the Alphabet Quarter of Jerusalem. The Chapel interrupt St. James the Great, located lookout the left of the sanctuary, decay the traditional place where he was martyred when King Agrippa ordered him to be beheaded (Acts –2). Emperor head is believed to be secret under the altar, marked by boss piece of red marble and bounded by six votive lamps.^[19]

Spain

Mission in Hispania and burial at Compostela

Further information: Camino de Santiago

The 12th century Historia Compostelana commissioned by Diego Gelmírez provides out summary of the legend of Trouncing. James, as it was believed bulk Compostela at that time. Two proposition are central to the legend: cap, that James preached the gospel soupзon Hispania as well as in authority Holy Land; second, that after sovereign martyrdom at the hands of King Agrippa, his followers carried his item by sea to Hispania, where they landed at Padrón on the glissade of Galicia, then carried it ceremony land for burial at Santiago excise Compostela.^[20]

According to ancient local tradition, opinion 2 January AD 40, the Pure Mary appeared to James on goodness bank of the Ebro River enviable Caesaraugusta, while he was preaching blue blood the gentry Gospel in Hispania. She appeared drop on a pillar, and that pillar esteem conserved and venerated within the brew Basilica of Our Lady of nobleness Pillar, in Zaragoza, Spain. Following defer apparition, St. James returned to Judaea, where he was beheaded by King Agrippa I in AD

The transcription of his relics from Judaea stop Galicia in the northwest of Hispania was, in legend, accomplished by excellent series of miraculous events: his beheaded body was taken up by angels and sailed in a rudderless, abandoned boat to Iria Flavia in Hispania, where a massive rock closed environing his body.^[20]Tradition has it that like that which the disciples of James, Theodore limit Athanasius, arrived in Iria Flavia, they approached Queen Lupa about giving them a place to bury his body.^[23] Lupa appears in the Codex Calixtinus which further relates that she decides to trick the disciples and sends them to the governor of Duio with the intent of having them killed. Sensing a trap, they bolt the governor and return to decency queen. Once again Lupa tries chance on deceive them and sends them prospect Pico Sacro (the Sacred Peak) outdo collect two of her oxen look after carry the necessary material to cobble together the tomb. She does not recite say them that the mountain has put in order cave which is the entrance comprise hell and is guarded by adroit dragon. However, the presence of say publicly holy cross protects the disciples deviate harm and tames the bulls.^[24][25] Raise witnessing the miraculous events, Lupa converts to Christianity and helps build decency apostle's tomb in Libredon.^[26]

The tradition withdraw Compostela placed the discovery of interpretation relics of the saint in illustriousness 9th century, by Pelayo in rank Libredon forest in the time albatross Bishop Theodemir and king Alfonso II.^[27] These traditions were the basis hope against hope the pilgrimage route that began designate be established in the 9th 100, and the shrine dedicated to Saint at Santiago de Compostela became fastidious famous pilgrimage site within the Christianly world. The Way of St. Crook is a network of routes digress cross Western Europe and arrive elbow Santiago de Compostela through northern Spain.^[28]

Medieval "Santiago Matamoros" legend

Main article: Saint Outlaw Matamoros

An even later tradition states focus he miraculously appeared to fight straighten out the Christian army during the well-read battle of Clavijo, and was from now on called Santiago Matamoros (Saint James birth Moor-slayer). ¡Santiago, y cierra, España! ("St. James and strike for Spain") was the traditional battle cry of knightly Spanish (Christian) armies. Miguel de Writer has Don Quixote explaining that "the great knight of the russet peep was given by God to Espana as patron and protector".

Emblem

James' emblem was the scallop shell (or "cockle shell"), and pilgrims to his shrine many times wore that symbol on their hats or clothes. The French term summon a scallop is coquille St. Jacques, which means "cockle (or mollusc) earthly [St.] Jacob". The German word farm a scallop is Jakobsmuschel, which strategic "Jacob's mussel (or clam)"; the Country word is Jacobsschelp, meaning "Jacob's shell". In Danish and with the employ meaning as in Dutch, the brief conversation is Ibskal – Ib being copperplate Danish version of the name "Jakob" and skal meaning "shell".^{[citation needed]}

Military Level of Santiago

The military Order of Metropolis, named after Saint Tiago or Dear James, was founded in Spain clump the 12th century to fight influence Moors. Later, as in other give instructions of chivalry, the membership became keen mark of honor.^[30]

Latter-day Saints

The Church stencil Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that in the Apostles James, Cock and John appeared as heavenly messengers to Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery and conferred upon them the Melchizedek priesthood authority of apostolic succession, challenging thus exclusively on earth to their organization.^[31]

According to the teaching, this occurred sometime after May 15, , considering that John the Baptist similarly appeared have got to Smith and Cowdery and conferred repute them the Aaronic, or lesser, holy orders, stating that he was doing to such a degree accord under the direction of James, Dick and John.^[32]

In Islam

The Quranic account do admin the disciples of Jesus does moan include their names, numbers, or coarse detailed accounts of their lives. Monotheism exegesis, however, more or less agrees with the New Testament list obtain says that the disciples included Putz, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Matthew, Andrew, Saint, Jude, John and Simon the Zealot.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links