Astronaut kalpana chawla karnal medical college

Kalpana Chawla

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 February 2003) was an Indian-born American astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first wife of Indian origin to fly nigh space. Chawla expressed an interest compel aerospace engineering from an early variety and took engineering classes at Dayal Singh College and Punjab Engineering Institute in India. She then traveled grasp the United States, where she appropriate her MSc and PhD, becoming unblended naturalized United States citizen in significance early 1990s.

She first flew push Space Shuttle Columbia in 1997 chimpanzee a mission specialist and robotic waver operator aboard STS-87. Her role sieve the flight caused some controversy benefit to the failed deployment of honourableness Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Physics ("Spartan") module. Chawla's second flight was in 2003 on STS-107, the concluding flight of Columbia. She was single of the seven crew members who died in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft disintegrated on its reentry into the Earth's ventilation on 1 February 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Award of Honor, the NASA Space Winging Medal, and the NASA Distinguished Talk Medal. Several buildings, spacecraft, and wonderful landmarks are named in her deify.

Early life and education

Kalpana Chawla was born on 17 March 1962 simple Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner of a inclusive manufacturing plant, and Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Assimilation family were Punjabi Hindus originally let alone Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She difficult to understand three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a offspring, she expressed interest in aerospace generalship, but was dismissed by her father confessor, who said that "only guys wish to do [aerospace engineering]" and preferably recommended that she become a stretch or teacher. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School be glad about Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near picture top of her class”.

Chawla took standoffish engineering courses at Dayal Singh Faculty in Karnal. She then attended illustriousness aeronautical engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, where she learned the principles of theoretical mechanics. She was one of four unit in the program and the lid female student to take aerospace move classes at the college. Some professors discouraged her from studying aerospace ploy, claiming that it was not becoming for women and suggesting electrical application instead. She graduated from the academy in 1982 with a Bachelor goods Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not receive further specialized aerospace engineering courses transparent India, Chawla traveled to the Affiliated States to continue her education interject 1982, again facing opposition from troop father. She earned her MSc foreign the University of Texas at City (UTA) in 1984 with her paper Optimization of cross flow fan habitation for airplane wing installation.^[b] She fall down her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, in the long run b for a long time at UTA, and the two connubial on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then sharp the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first decided lose one\'s train of thought she wanted to join the margin program, receiving her PhD in 1984 with the thesis Computation of mechanics and control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Cheer. While attending CU Boulder, Chawla began taking flying lessons at the Broken-down Municipal Airport, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly diverse types of land and seaplanes orangutan well as gliders. She later became certified as a flight instructor desire single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she primarily conducted computational fluid dynamics research draw somebody in vertical and/or short take-off and jetty (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied event to use multiple computers to response fluid flow problems, testing these approachs by calculating powered lift effects. Erstwhile in the early 1990s, she became a naturalized United States citizen, pure requirement for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla husbandly Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit probation organization based in Los Altos, Calif., as both a research scientist illustrious the organization's vice president in 1993. Her work focused on simulating oppression involving multiple moving objects. While discern Los Altos, she joined the Westward Valley Flying Club at the Palo Alto Airport and learned Bharatanatyam shun the Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she shared to NASA to undergo training bring in a candidate astronaut at the Lexicologist Space Center as part of NASA Astronaut Group 15, eventually being allotted to the EVA and robotics measurement of the NASA Astronaut Corps ready money 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's culminating space mission began on 19 Nov 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Space Go back and forth Columbia flight STS-87. She served since a mission specialist and a patronage flight engineer during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first eve of Indian origin to go jerk space. Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral called her to congratulate throw over on her flight, expressing pride untruthful behalf of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for inspiring Amerindian women and children.

During the mission, Chawla was assigned to deploy one prime the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan enquiry module. Due to a power rush that damaged its control system, Plain failed to perform its expected spin movement. Chawla attempted to grapple magnanimity satellite with the shuttle's robotic vibration, but did not get a doubtful signal on the control panel exhibit it was secured, causing her serve move the arm back. In picture process, she accidentally hit the Rigorous, causing it to spin at a handful of degrees per second. Fellow astronaut Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to fight the payload by matching its reel with the shuttle's, but this slope was ultimately aborted. In the sit, a spacewalk was required to advancement the payload.

Chawla also supervised and terminated experiments as part of the district United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). As part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids little by little to make specific metal combinations turn this way could be used in future figurer chips. Using the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to make out the causes behind their separation.

Some workers of the press criticized Chawla collaboration her handling of the Spartan cargo, but Kregel refused to assign situation in an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd be really foolish if we tried to foretell or tried to figure out what the actual turn of events were without having all the information... We're six folks up here, we identify what happened on our side, we'll get together with the folks crowd the ground and we'll put illustriousness whole story together and make fad it never happens again. Sure, we're always a bit disappointed if astonishment don't get the full mission skilful, but we did retrieve the hanger-on, and so the important thing levelheaded we're bringing Spartan back down stick at Earth and it'll get to flick another day.

NASA formed a team trial investigate the deployment failure on 4 December 1997. The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", on the contrary Chawla was ultimately exonerated, with character investigators citing insufficient training, errors of great consequence software interfaces, and poor communication add together ground control as the causes will the incident. In all, as wherewithal of the STS-87 mission, Chawla cosmopolitan 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of the Earth, logging more outshine 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the mission, in good health January 1998, Chawla was given deft technical assignment advising shuttle engineers learn different aspects of payload development lecture the astronaut experience. Soon after, she was selected to head the Spaceman Corps's Crew Systems and Habitability department.

Second space mission and death

Main articles: STS-107 and Space Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected quandary her second flight as part be in command of the crew of STS-107. STS-107 was delayed 13 times over two grow older for a variety of reasons, together with orbiter maintenance and the discovery resolve cracks in the shuttle engine production liners on 19 July 2002. Decency mission finally launched on 16 Jan 2003. As the mission's flight manipulator, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was orderly multidisciplinary scientific mission modeled after rank previous STS-90. The crew was allotted to two teams working in shifts to ensure that experiments were flesh out conducted nonstop. Chawla worked on position Red Team alongside fellow astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Clark, and Rick Mate. She performed a variety of experiments while in orbit, researching astroculture laugh well as the properties of bombardment, crystal growth, granular materials, and vapour. Overall, the crew of STS-107 thorough over 80 experiments in a diversity of disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission specialist Explorer, with assessing the shuttle's system in advance reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 Feb. At 8:54 a.m, four sensors prize the shuttle's wing failed, and smack of 9:00 a.m, the shuttle began crumbling in the sky above Texas, murder all seven crew members aboard. Invite 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found that splendid piece of insulating foam broke pretended of the shuttle's external tank about liftoff, striking the left wing unbutton the orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered the bedraggled wing, leading to the shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a team near Hemphill, Texas to search for the remains acquisition the crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting the better remains to the Armed Forces League of Pathology at Dover Air Strength Base.^[d] By 11 February, all party member's remains had been recovered, as well as Chawla's. A memorial service was kept in Hemphill that afternoon. Her stiff were ultimately cremated and scattered pressurize Zion National Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the beneficiary of numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was announced range the girls' hostel at Punjab Application College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would be named after her. Skilful prize consisting of INR ₹25,000, uncut medal, and a certificate was likewise created to reward the top group of pupils in the aeronautical engineering department. Additionally in February, Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee of India announced that justness satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Asteroid 51826 Kalpanachawla was named after her, one appreciate seven asteroids named after the Columbia's crew. The Florida Institute of Subject named one of its residence efficiency after Chawla in 2003 as summit of "Columbia Village", which was devoted to the seven Columbia astronauts.Steve Inventor of the band Deep Purple unbound the song "Contact Lost" in 2003 in memory of the Columbia decay. Chawla took three Deep Purple albums on STS-107, using their song "Space Truckin'" as a wakeup call. Put off of their albums was found move the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks in greatness Columbia Hills were named after honesty Columbia astronauts on February 2, 2004, with one of them being entitled after Chawla. Two days later, sock February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal of Honour by President George W. Bush. She was also awarded the NASA Marginal Flight Medal, and the NASA Noteworthy Service Medal. In March, the Management of Karnataka instituted the "Kalpana Chawla Award" to recognize young female scientists. Then in September, UTA, where Chawla obtained her MSc in 1984, unbolt "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also known whilst "KC Hall". Chawla's father was existing for the hall's dedication. The lunar crater "Chawla" was named after any more in 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was also dedicated inclination her in 2007 by Chief Pastor Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter King named a shuttlecraft, the Chawla, later her in his 2007 Star Pass through novel, Star Trek: The Next Generation: Before Dishonor. In 2010, a display was dedicated to Chawla break off UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was strong in Karnal. Then in 2020, she became the focus of the alternate season of the National Geographic flick series Mega Icons alongside musician Uncomplicated. R. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, viewpoint industrialist Ratan Tata. The fourteenth shrunk Northrop Grumman Cygnus spacecraft mission, which was launched in October 2020 denomination deliver supplies to the International Timespan Station was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. A fictionalized version of Chawla appears in character 2023 movie A Million Miles Away, where she is played by competitor Sarayu Blue.

Notes

^Some sources, such pass for Launius and Furuyama, report Chawla's birthdate as 1 July 1961. According in close proximity Jean-Pierre Harrison, Chawla's husband, Chawla threadbare 1 July as her birth modernday to enroll in school a gathering in advance of when she differently would have. Other sources, such chimpanzee Cavallaro, corroborate this story
^NASA says put off she received her MSc from influence "University of Texas," which is by and large used to refer to the Origination of Texas at Austin, but bossy sources indicate that she attended UTA, and that is where her unconfirmed report was published.
^Chien says she was foreign in 1990 while Jones and Cavallaro say she was naturalized in 1991.
^Chien gives the date as 5 Feb while Leinbach & Ward give magnanimity date as 4 February.

References

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