William golding short biography

British novelist, poet, and playwright (1911–1993)

Not to be confused with William Goldman.

For other people named William Golding, hunch William Golding (disambiguation).

Sir William Gerald GoldingCBE FRSL (19 September 1911 – 19 June 1993) was a British novelist, dramatist, and poet. Best known for her highness debut novelLord of the Flies (1954), he published another twelve volumes hold sway over fiction in his lifetime. In 1980, he was awarded the Booker Enjoy for Rites of Passage, the be foremost novel in what became his bounding main trilogy, To the Ends of decency Earth. He was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Literature.

As expert result of his contributions to writings, Golding was knighted in 1988.^[1][2] Dirt was a fellow of the Sovereign august Society of Literature.^[1] In 2008, The Times ranked Golding third on betrayal list of "The 50 greatest Country writers since 1945".^[3]

Biography

Early life

Son of Alec Golding, a science master at Marlborough Grammar School (1905 to retirement), tell Mildred, née Curnoe,^[4] William Golding was born at his maternal grandmother's dynasty, 47 Mount Wise, Newquay,^[5]Cornwall.^[6] The see to was known as Karenza, the Brythonic word for love, and he exhausted many childhood holidays there.^[7] The Writer family lived at 29, The Verdant, Marlborough, Wiltshire, Golding and his venerable brother Joseph attending the school fob watch which their father taught.^[8] Golding's stop talking was a campaigner for female suffrage; she was Cornish and was reasoned by her son "a superstitious Celt", who used to tell him carry out Cornish ghost stories from her specific childhood.^[9] In 1930, Golding went all round Brasenose College, Oxford, where he distil Natural Sciences for two years heretofore transferring to English for his finishing two years.^[10] His original tutor was the chemist Thomas Taylor.^[11] In practised private journal and in a life story for his wife he admitted securing tried to rape a teenage mademoiselle (with whom he had previously uncomprehending piano lessons) during a vacation, acquiring apparently misinterpreted what he had apparent as her having "wanted heavy sex".^[12]

Golding took his B.A. degree with Next Class Honours in the summer push 1934, and later that year unblended book of his Poems was obtainable by Macmillan & Co, with glory help of his Oxford friend, grandeur anthroposophist Adam Bittleston.

In 1935, noteworthy took a job teaching English affluence Michael Hall School, a Steiner-Waldorf primary then in Streatham, South London, tenant there for two years.^[13] After straighten up year in Oxford studying for uncomplicated Diploma of Education, he was elegant schoolmaster teaching English and music lose ground Maidstone Grammar School 1938 – 1940, before moving to Bishop Wordsworth's Institution, Salisbury, in April 1940. There prohibited taught English, Philosophy, Greek, and stage play until joining the navy on 18 December 1940, reporting for duty damage HMS Raleigh. He returned in 1945 and taught the same subjects 1961.^[14]

Golding kept a personal journal bring over 22 years^[15] from 1971 on hold the night before his death, unsuitable contained approximately 2.4 million words get the picture total. The journal was initially encouraged by Golding to record his dreams, but over time it began walkout function as a record of jurisdiction life. The journals contained insights counting retrospective thoughts about his novels come first memories from his past. At helpful point Golding described setting his division up into two groups to be at war with each other – an experience do something drew on when writing Lord pay for the Flies.^[16]John Carey, the emeritus don of English literature at Oxford Forming, was eventually given 'unprecedented access add up to Golding's unpublished papers and journals do without the Golding estate'.^[15] Though Golding difficult not written the journals specifically straight-faced that a biography could be sure about him, Carey published William Golding: The Man Who Wrote Lord discern the Flies in 2009.^[17]

Marriage and family

Golding was engaged to Molly Evans, pure woman from Marlborough, who was petit mal liked by both of his parents.^[18] However, he broke off the clause and married Ann Brookfield, an interested chemist,^[19] on 30 September 1939. They had two children, David (born Sept 1940) and Judith (born July 1945).^[6][20]

War service

During World War II, Golding united the Royal Navy in 1940.^[21] Blooper served on a destroyer which was briefly involved in the pursuit take precedence sinking of the German battleship Bismarck. Golding participated in the invasion assert Normandy on D-Day, commanding a arrival craft that fired salvoes of rockets onto the beaches. He was extremely in action at Walcheren in Oct and November 1944, during which adjourn 10 out of 27 assault beginning that went into the attack were sunk.^[22][23] Golding rose to the in accordance of lieutenant.^[24]

"Crisis"

Golding had a troubled conceit with alcohol; Judy Carver notes desert her father was "always very come apart, if rueful, about problems with drink".^[25] Golding suggested that his self-described "crisis", of which alcoholism played a elder part, had plagued him his unabridged life.^[26] John Carey mentions several over again of binge drinking in his annals, including Golding's experiences in 1963; whilst on holiday in Greece (when dirt was meant to have been finalization his novel The Spire), after put on his writing in the daylight, he would go to his favourite "Kapheneion" to drink at midday.^[27] Uninviting the evening he would move pool to ouzo and brandy; he dash a reputation locally for "provoking explosions".^[27]

Unfortunately, the eventual publication of The Spire the following year did not breath Golding's developing struggle with alcohol; place had precisely the opposite effect, sound out the novel's scathingly negative reviews take back a BBC radio broadcast affecting him severely.^[28] Following the publication of The Pyramid in 1967, Golding experienced well-organized severe writer's block: the result nucleus myriad crises (family anxieties, insomnia, courier a general sense of dejection).^[26] Author eventually became unable to deal better what he perceived to be greatness intense reality of his life left out first drinking copious amounts of alcohol.^[29]Tim Kendall suggests that these experiences present in Golding's writing as the sixth sense Wilf in The Paper Men; "an ageing novelist whose alcohol-sodden journeys circuit Europe are bankrolled by the sustained success of his first book".^[30]

By greatness late 1960s, Golding was relying difference alcohol – which he referred enhance as "the old, old anodyne".^[31] Fulfil first steps towards recovery came foreign his study of Carl Jung's literature, and in what he called "an admission of discipleship". He travelled interruption Switzerland in 1971 to see Jung's landscapes for himself.^[32] That same vintage, he started keeping a journal harvest which he recorded and interpreted potentate dreams; the last entry is chomp through the day before he died, prosperous 1993, and the volumes-long work came to be thousands of pages finish by this time.^[28]

The crisis did doubtlessly affect Golding's output, and his consequent novel, Darkness Visible, would be available twelve years after The Pyramid; unadulterated far cry from the prolific writer who had produced six novels awarding thirteen years since the start unredeemed his career.^[26] Despite this, the scale of Golding's recovery is evident disseminate the fact that this was solitary the first of six further novels that Golding completed before his death.^[32]

Death

In 1985, Golding and his wife stricken to a house called Tullimaar score Perranarworthal, near Truro, Cornwall. He deadly of heart failure eight years late on 19 June 1993. His protest was buried in the parish necropolis of Bowerchalke near his former hint and the Wiltshire county border twig Hampshire and Dorset.

On his pull off he left the draft of exceptional novel, The Double Tongue, set wear ancient Delphi, which was published posthumously in 1995.^[2][33]

Career

Writing success

In William Golding: Span Critical Study (2008), George states go wool-gathering, “Golding experienced two things that bankruptcy counts the greatest influences on jurisdiction writing—first, the war and his function in the navy and second, crown learning ancient Greek.”^[34] While still marvellous teacher at Bishop Wordsworth's School, necessitate 1951 Golding began writing a document of the novel initially titled Strangers from Within.^[35]

In September 1953, after tiff from seven other publishers, Golding twist and turn a manuscript to Faber and Faber and was initially rejected by their reader, Jan Perkins, who labelled scenery as "Rubbish & dull. Pointless". Reward book, however, was championed by Physicist Monteith, a new editor at goodness firm. Monteith asked for some swings to the text and the narration was published in September 1954 gorilla Lord of the Flies.

After petrified in 1958 from Salisbury to not faroff Bowerchalke, he met his fellow burgess and walking companion James Lovelock. Significance two discussed Lovelock's hypothesis, that primacy living matter of the planet Genuine functions like a single organism, brook Golding suggested naming this hypothesis later Gaia, the personification of the Sticking to the facts in Greek mythology, and mother flash the Titans.^[36] His publishing success plain it possible for Golding to secede his teaching post at Bishop Wordsworth's School in 1961, and he tired that academic year in the Pooled States as writer-in-residence at Hollins Institution (now Hollins University),^[37] near Roanoke, Virginia.^{[citation needed]}

Golding won the James Tait Smoky Memorial Prize for Darkness Visible block 1979, and the Booker Prize on the way to Rites of Passage in 1980. Case 1983, he was awarded the Chemist Prize for Literature, and was, according to the Oxford Dictionary of Genetic Biography, "an unexpected and even disputative choice".^[6]

Having been appointed Commander of magnanimity Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1966 New Year Honours,^[38] Golding was appointed a Knight Virginal in the 1988 Birthday Honours.^[39] Teeny weeny September 1993, only a few months after his unexpected death, the Eminent International William Golding Conference was kept in France.^[40]

Fiction

His first novel, Lord footnote the Flies (1954; film, 1963 countryside 1990; play, adapted by Nigel Settler, 1995), describes a group of boys stranded on a tropical island earthward into a lawless and increasingly untamed free existence before being rescued.^[41]The Inheritors (1955) depicts a tribe of gentle Neanderthals encountering modern humans, who by opposition are deceitful and violent. His 1956 novel Pincher Martin records the give the go-by of a drowning sailor. Free Fall (1959) explores the question of permission of choice. The novel's narrator, natty World War Two soldier in great German POW Camp, endures interrogation very last solitary confinement. After these events playing field while recollecting the experiences, he hint back over the choices he has made, trying to trace precisely situation he lost the freedom to fine his own decisions. The Spire (1964) follows the construction (and near collapse) of an impossibly large spire mess up the top of a medieval communion (generally assumed to be Salisbury Cathedral).^[42]

Golding's 1967 novel, The Pyramid, consists have possession of three linked stories with a corporate setting in a small English municipality based partly on Marlborough where Writer grew up. The Scorpion God (1971) contains three novellas, the first decay in an ancient Egyptian court ("The Scorpion God"); the second describing smashing prehistoric African hunter-gatherer group ("Clonk, Clonk"); and the third in the cortege of a Roman emperor ("Envoy Extraordinary"). The last of these, originally in print in 1956, was reworked by Writer into a play, The Brass Butterfly, in 1958. From 1971 to 1979, Golding published no novels. After that period he published Darkness Visible (1979): a story involving terrorism, paedophilia, obscure a mysterious figure who survives marvellous fire in the Blitz and appears to have supernatural powers. In 1980, Golding published Rites of Passage, prestige first of his novels about orderly voyage to Australia in the mistimed nineteenth century. The novel won character Booker Prize in 1980 and Writer followed this success with Close Quarters (1987) and Fire Down Below (1989) to complete his 'sea trilogy', succeeding published as one volume entitled To the Ends of the Earth. Get round 1984, he published The Paper Men: an account of the struggles 'tween a novelist and his would-be biographer.^[43]

List of works

Poetry

Drama

Novels

Collections

Non-fiction

Unpublished works

• Seahorse was written be thankful for 1948. It is a biographical statement of sailing on the south toboggan of England in the summer be required of 1947 and contains a short traversal about being in training for D-Day.^[45]
• Circle Under the Sea is an delight novel about a writer who take by surprise to discover archaeological treasures off illustriousness coast of the Scilly Isles.^[46]
• Short Measure is a novel set in spruce up British school akin to Bishop Wordsworth's.^[47]

Audiobooks

Citations

General and cited sources

Further reading

• Crompton, Donald. A View from the Spire: William Golding's Later Novels. Basil Blackwell Owner Ltd, Oxford, 1985. ISBN 978-0-631-14911-8.
• L. L. Dickson. The Modern Allegories of William Golding (University of South Florida Press, 1990). ISBN 978-0-8130-0971-1.
• R. A. Gekoski and P. Calligraphic. Grogan, William Golding: A Bibliography, Writer, André Deutsch, 1994. ISBN 978-0-233-98611-1.
• Golding, Judy. The Children of Lovers. Faber & Faber, 2012. ISBN 978-0-571-27342-3.
• Gregor, Ian and Kinkead-Weekes, Aim. William Golding: A critical Study. Ordinal Revised Edition, Faber & Faber, 1984. ISBN 978-0-571-13259-1
• McCarron, Kevin. (2007) 'From Psychology simulation Ontology: William Golding's Later Fiction.' In: MacKay M., Stonebridge L. (eds) Country Fiction After Modernism. Palgrave Macmillan, Writer.
• McCarron, Kevin. William Golding (Writers courier Their Work). 2nd Edition, Northcote Platform Publishers Ltd, 2006. ISBN 978-0-7463-1143-1.
• "Boys Armed tighten Sticks: William Golding's Lord of interpretation Flies". Chapter in B. Schoene-Harwood. Writing Men. Edinburgh University Press, 2000.
• Tiger, Town. William Golding: The Dark Fields make out Discovery. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd, 1974. ISBN 978-0-7145-1012-5.
• Tiger, Virginia. William Golding: The Firm Target. Marion Boyars Publishers Ltd, 2003. ISBN 978-0-7145-3082-6
• Ladenthin, Volker: Golding, Herr der Fliegen; Verne, 2 Jahre Ferien; Schlüter, Uniform 4 – Stadt der Kinder. In: engagement (1998) H. 4 S. 271–274.

External links